Watergy in the U.S.: Energy Management, Policy Mechanisms and Technologies to Optimize Energy Use in Pumping and Aeration Systems

摘要

A recent report published by the U.S. Department of State and prepared by the National Intelligence Council cites that, without deliberate changes in conservation and water use, the demand for water globally will exceed current sustainable water supplies by 40% -- reaching 1,800 trillion gallons annually by 2030~1. Today, approximately 13% of total U.S. electricity consumption is attributed to activities necessary to extract, treat, convey and heat water. In addition, approximately 35% of municipal energy use is specifically attributed to water and wastewater treatment~2. As a result, improving water and energy efficiency will be increasingly indispensable for water and wastewater utility managers and end users.