Survey on Biological Effects of Mobile Phone Radiation, Measurement Techniques and Radiation Shields

摘要

Microwaves are widely used in many applications. This made it possible for continent to continent communication. With this, one can reach the unreachable location by other means. Mobile phone communication is the marked field. This gives more freedom to the user to be anywhere and anytime. The advancements in the field of wireless technology in terms of sophistication and price reduction, made many to use the wireless products such as Mobile phone, Blue-tooth, Wi-Fi, etc., One of the important facets of this ubiquitous technology is the risk associated with this. It increases the interaction of electromagnetic fields radiation with the biological tissues of plants, animals and humans. This microwave affects biological ells in two ways, Thermal and Non-thermal. This persuades researchers to study the pros and cons of this inevitable technology. This paper reviews some of the vital studies which concluded the ill-effects of using Mobile-phone, some of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) measurement techniques, techniques to reduce the radiation levels and the significance of a new class material, a material which was the advent of 21st century i.e., Meta material in electromagnetic(EM) radiation reduction are presented.