Influence of Societal Factor on the Emergence of Language Variants: The Study of Indonesia Language Use in Javanese Society

摘要

Language is part of national culture that can be used as living recording media. In social life, the use of language is influenced by societal factor. It has emerged language variants. They can be met such as in Javanese utterance society. Dealing with that, the researcher reviews the societal factor influence to the use of Indonesia language in Javanese society. In this research used qualitative descriptive method. Data obtained from oral and written sources with recording, reading, and record techniques. Furthermore, the data were analyzed by using the method of padan and aglh method from Sudaryanto (1995) and Mahsun (2005). The result of the research shows that societal factor has emerged language variants in Javanese society. Those language variants emerged when the speaker uses Indonesia language such as words sowan 'visit', dhahar 'eat', pinarak 'stay', mirsani 'see', lenggah 'sit', menghaturkan 'say', tindak 'go', rawuh 'come', tapak asta 'signature', matur 'talk'. Those words choice from Javanese language are sometimes hold by speakers although they use Indonesia language as their communication. Those Javanese words are used by the speakers or older receivers who are respected for courtesy. Those words are sowan, dhahar, pinarak, mirsani, lenggah, menghaturkan, tindak, rawuh, tapak asta, matur are karma form in Javanese language, there are language levels in communication, ngoko and krama. On the other hand, Indonesia language has fewer words which show level of speaking than in Javanese language.