Butterfly diversity on different types of land cover in oil palm plantations (Case study: PT. AMR, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia)

摘要

The development of oil palm plantations in Indonesia has been alleged of decreasing the biodiversity; therefore, it is necessary to study variations in species diversity of butterflies at various ages of oil palm plantations. Butterflies are one of the pollinators that have an important role in the ecosystem, from which changes in biodiversity and population density can be used as an indicator of environmental quality. This research was conducted in July 2017 on four types of land cover in PT. AMR, Central Kalimantan by using a combination transect and time search method. The results showed that there were 162 individuals of 53 species consisting of five families, namely Papilionidae (five species), Nymphalidae (26 species), Pieridae (six species), Lycaenidae (10 species), and Hesperiidae (six species). Based on conservation status, there were no protected species in any of the types of land cover. The highest total number of species and richness index were in the high conservation area (S = 37, Dmg = 9.30), while the lowest were in oldest the oil palm plantation (S = 11, Dmg = 3.07). The evenness index for all locations varied between 0.87 to 0.96, indicating there was no species that dominated all research locations. The highest similarity index was on an independent small holder oil palm plantation. It showed that both of the locations had similar butterfly diversity. Therefore, land cover changed from various plant species into an oil palm plantation affects the butterfly diversity.