For the veterinary practitioner, the presentation of a male dog with urinary incontinence can be perplexing. The first inclination may be to use phenylpropanolamine to address urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI). However, response to treatment for USMI has been frustratingly poor and this may be due to misdiagnosis of a disorder of voiding with overflow incontinence rather than a disorder of storage as in classic USMI. Male dogs presenting for incontinence must be evaluated through history, physical examination, and observation of voiding in order to determine if outlet obstruction is the primary problem.
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