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Empirical Correlations for Quick and Accurate Hydrate Formation Prediction - Which One to Apply?

机译:快速准确水合物形成预测的经验相关性 - 应用哪一个?

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Natural gas hydrate formation is a costly and challenging problem for the oil and gas industry. Prediction of hydrates have been carried out through rigorous and laborious solving of mathematical equations called equations of state (EOS) which give accurate results but require appropriate setup and time. Few examples of such equations of state currently used by industry benchmarked software tools include Peng-Robinson (PR), Cubic-Plus-Association (CPA), Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) etc. which more or less provide us with an accurate hydrate stability curve i.e. a pressure-temperature profile for a given composition, which allows us to keep the pressures and temperatures (operating conditions) out of the hydrate stability zone. Hydrate stability curves are a function of the composition of the fluid (gas) being produced. Compositional changes in the percentage of C1 to C7+ components of gas, would not only affect the specific gravity, but would also change the hydrate stability curve of the gas significantly. Previous studies have been aimed at finding a quick and precise prediction method for hydrate formation, so as to make swift arrangements to counter any chance of flow assurance issue. Different empirical correlations have been developed on the basis of the composition of the gas being produced that take into consideration the pressure and predict the temperature of hydrate formation. Multiple data points, i.e. fluid compositions from different areas/fields are considered and correlations have been developed to fit the hydrate stability zones of these data points which were found through a more accurate equation of state. As the initial data sets for each correlation are different, the possibility of any two correlations giving the correct and same prediction is very low. This paper gives an insight into how different empirical correlations like Hammershmidt, Motiee, Makogon, Towler and Mokhtab etc., that have already been derived can be used with better accuracy for a set of different fluid compositions and specific gravities. A sensitivity analysis is done on the performance of each correlation against the accurate hydrate curves found out through the software tool, using different available equations of state. The data points picked here are random and were not included in any data sets adopted for derivation of the correlation. Furthermore, the mimicked hydrate curve from this new method is cast against the software simulated hydrate curve for a flow assurance steady state simulation study with two deepwater gas wells with different gas compositions. The results of the study suggest that the use of the imitated hydrate curve through analytical approach works well in predicting the hydrate stability zone. It would also not require any software proficiency, would give quick results and would cost a fraction compared to the state of the art simulators.
机译:天然气水合物形成是石油和天然气工业的昂贵和挑战性问题。通过严格和慢的求解水合物的预测是通过称为状态(EOS)方程的数学方程来进行,这给出了准确的结果,但需要适当的设置和时间。工业基准软件工具目前使用的状态等方案的少数示例包括彭 - 罗宾逊(PR),立方 - 加密协会(CPA),SOAVE-REDLICH-KWONG(SRK)等,或多或少为我们提供准确水合物稳定性曲线,即给定组合物的压力温度曲线,其允许我们将压力和温度(操作条件)保持在水合物稳定区中。水合物稳定性曲线是所生产的流体(气体)的组成的函数。 C1至C7 +气体组分的百分比的组成变化不仅会影响比重,而且还会显着改变气体的水合物稳定性曲线。以前的研究旨在寻找一种用于水合物形成的快速精确的预测方法,以便使SWIFT安排抵消任何流动保证问题。基于所生产的气体的组成来开发不同的经验相关性,以考虑压力并预测水合物形成的温度。考虑多个数据点,即来自不同区域/场的流体组合物,并且已经开发了相关的相关性以通过更准确的状态方程发现这些数据点的水合物稳定区域。随着每个相关性的初始数据集是不同的,可以非常低地提供正确和相同的预测的任何两个相关性的可能性非常低。本文能够深入了解已经得出的锤子,Motiee,Makogon,牵引器和Mokhtab等不同的经验相关性,这可以用于一组不同的流体组合物和比重的更好的准确性。使用不同状态的不同可用方程对通过软件工具发现的精确水合物曲线的每个相关性的性能进行敏感性分析。这里拾取的数据点是随机的,并且不包括在所采用的任何数据集中,以导出相关性。此外,来自这种新方法的模仿水合物曲线被铸造用于软件模拟水合物曲线,用于流动保证稳态模拟研究,其具有不同气体组合物的深水气井。该研究的结果表明,通过分析方法使用模仿水合物曲线在预测水合物稳定区时效果良好。它还不需要任何软件熟练程度,与最先进的模拟器的状态相比,会产生快速的结果,并且将花费一小部分。

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