Modern Methods of Reconstruction of the Sacral Objects -Example of the Jasna Gora Monastery in Czestochowa, Poland

摘要

This publication is devoted to the problem of preservation and restoration of the architectural monument as an element of the historical environment. The notion of 'immovable monument of history and culture' is specified. Modern methods of restoration and repair-conservatory works are analyzed. The main principles of complex studies of monument buildings are considered taking into account their interactions with the environment. The necessity of assessing the physical state of structures and materials of the architectural monument for selecting the optimal technology for repair work, preserving the historical and cultural landscape is shown. A brief history of the construction and repair of the monastery at Jasna Gora in Czestochowa (Poland) is presented. The restoration of the Jasna Gora ensemble was a complex kind of construction work: repair, conservation, consolidation and renovation of architectural monuments. The ground and underground structures of the main buildings and structures have been restored and strengthened. The program of restoration work on the task 'Complex restoration of the building of the monastery of the Paulin Fathers on Jasna Gora' (2004-2013) included three stages: 1. 'Reconstruction and restoration of the buildings of the monaster}' of the Paulin Fathers on Jasna Gora' (2007-2010), 2. 'Conservation and renovation of the building of the Basilica of the Holy Cross and the Nativity of the Virgin' (2007-2012), 3. 'Renovation of the North curtain - the entrance to the territory of the monastery of the Paulin Fathers on Jasna Gora'(2013). Restoration was based on a thorough examination of the monument and aimed to maximally preserve the historical, constructive and artistic features of the monastery complex, ensure its long existence. In addition to preserving the historical, technical and artistic qualities of the ensemble of the monastery, the tasks of organizing the environmental monument were resolved. Completed comprehensive repair and restoration works contribute to strengthening the structures of the restored buildings, provide harmonization of the historic and new landscapes of Jasna Gora.