The effect of carbonization temperature and activator to the characteristics of melinjo shell (Gnetum genom) activated carbon

摘要

Melinjo shell is one of the biomass wastes containing lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose which indicates the melinjo shell is potentially an active carbon material. Making activated carbon consists of several stages: carbonization, destruction, and activation. Each active carbon raw material has a different carbonization temperature and activator treatment to produce activated carbon with standard properties. The main objective of this research was to study the effect of temperature carbonization and activators type on the activated carbon manufacturing from melinjo shell waste. The carbonization process was carried out at 350°C, 400°C, and 450°C for 15 minutes. The process continues by activating carbon with KOH 65% and ZnCl2 65%. The ratio w/w of activator and carbon is 4: 1. The activated process is carried out by immersion 24 hours then stirred at a temperature of ± 110°C for 5 hours. Based on the results of the research, activated carbon with a carbonization temperature of 400°C and a 65% KOH activator showed the best results by producing an iodine number of 583.878 mg/g, 3.49% moisture content, 5.2% ash content, and surface area of 201.063 m~2/g.