Conventional mining: 1. Negative environmental impact; 2. Balance problem (dumping of surplus, unwanted metals); 3. Economically not viable. E-Waste: in terms of secondary resource: 1. Important issue with nearly 10% growth each year in municipal wastes; 2. Nearly 4 Bi US$ estimated REE content in EU-27 countries; 3. Potential secondary resource if appropriate technology is available. No running recycling plant for individual REE recycling from e-wastes at present: technology vacuum.
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