The Effects of Air Freshener Exposure at an Early Age on Histological White Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Liver Cells

摘要

Air freshener can cause indoor air pollution if used unwisely. Air freshener contains a variety of volatile organic compounds such as formaldehyde with the potential to damage the liver. This study aims to determine the effects of air freshener exposure at an early age on histological liver cells. The subjects of this study were 30 rats [(Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769)] at an early age which were divided into three groups: control (K), gel air freshener (P1) and spray air freshener (P2); each group consisting of 10 rats. Group P1 and P2 were exposed with air fresheners from the age of 8 d to 67 d. The duration of exposure for each day was started in 15 min in the morning and afternoon and increase of 15 min per wk for a total duration of 4.5 h in the last week of exposure. Histological preparations of liver cells by HE staining was observed with a microscope at a magnification of 40 × 10. The degree of liver cell damage was assessed using scoring Manja Roegnik. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey's test. The results showed histological of liver cell damage in the form of parenchymatous degeneration, hydropic degeneration and necrosis. There are differences in the effect of gel and spray exposure on liver cell histology of Rattus norvegicus. There is significant difference of the degree of liver cells damage: K < P1, K < P2 and P1 > P2. It was concluded that exposure of air freshener has a bad influence on the histological liver cells.