Stability of Slopes and Embankments of Coarse Man-Made Soils

摘要

The suitability of soils for the construction of subgrade is determined by their road-building properties. For this purpose coarse, sandy and sandy loam soils are the most suitable. Many coarse man-made soils are formed during mining. These soils undergo significant changes in composition, structure and texture of natural minerals under the influence of weather and climatic factors. Coarse man-made soils may differ by petrographic composition and metamorphism of minerals. These multi-component systems are composed of fine-grained components and large particles varying in strength, water and frost resistance. The aggregate strength characteristic was taken as an integrated criterion for the assessment of embankment subgrade based in part on the capabilities of the test and also the need for the creation of a dense structure for multi-component coarse soils. From this, a technological classification for coarse soils was developed. The problem of using coarse soil in embankments is the possibility of soil settlements occurrence due to the large space between the particles and due to the impact of weather and climate factors. For ensuring a stable structure of subgrade, such coarse soils should be either isolated from the influence of weather and climatic factors or the structure of the subgrade should be made dense non-settling properties by means of technological solutions that envisage filling the entire space between the large particles with fine-grained materials (e.g. pit-run fines). The design solutions are developed depending on the type of coarse soil. This will protect the embankment body from the effects of weather and climatic factors, namely: wetting-drying and freezing-thawing. To ensure durability and stability of the embankment slopes, technological solutions for creating a single strong structure were developed. Effective subgrade structures that take into account the characteristics of these materials and ensure their sustainability and stability were developed basing on the results of coal waste research.