Technology trends and regulations driving reduction in vehicular emissions - ppt

摘要

Regulations are tightening globally for GHG and criteria pollutants; US drives advanced catalysts/substrates, Europe drives filter forcing regulations; China will be tighter than Europe, India will be 1st major market to leapfrog one stage; Engines and emission control technologies continue to evolve and offer synergistic improvements for reduced criteria pollutants and fuel consumption; Variable CR, Cooled EGR, Hybrids, Water injection, ...; Electrification helps and is proceeding, but faces stiff competition from conventional ICE; Next challenge for conventional engines is mitigating cold-start emissions and PN; Gasoline particulate filters offer robust solution to mitigate PN risk from gasoline engines; Emissions during engine restarts in hybrids & stop-start systems could be high; Need focus on hybrid powertrains: colder temperatures (engine-off) and engine-on transients can lead to high emissions.