Laboratory experiments on the measurement of the greenhouse gases concentration at the water-air interface by using a floating gas box method

摘要

Nowadays there appears more facts of global warming going on our planet. One of the possible reasons is increasing of greenhouse gases concentration in the atmosphere. Two main greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide (CO_2) and methane (CH_4). Their evaluation is urgent task because it gives possibility to reduce the amount of the greenhouse gases emission. In these latter days the hydroelectric reservoirs which appear while constructing hydroelectric power plants are frequently claimed to be a source of the greenhouse gases emission. It is fact that greenhouse gases emission of some hydroelectric power plants can be compared with one got from thermal power stations working with fossil fuels if we calculate this parameter for 1 kWh of generated electricity. Formation of the gases in the hydroelectric reservoirs happens because of the decomposition of organic substances which are components of flooded soils, vegetation and which also may come from the area of hydroelectric reservoir [4]. Even after getting analysis of the research there is still uncertainty about greenhouse effect in the hydroelectric reservoirs. The magnitudes of greenhouse gases emission at different hydroelectric reservoirs can differ many times. What is more, a greenhouse gases emission going on the water surface is not constant in time and around a space. In 2008 a new international research project of UNESCO was started to develop generally accepted methodology for evaluation of greenhouse gases emission caused by formation of the hydroelectric reservoirs. Now it is going to carry out standardized measurement at the hydroelectric reservoirs in different regions around the world to create unified database containing the results of measurement which can help to evaluate greenhouse gases emission in the reservoirs of hydroelectric power plants and define the percentage of greenhouse gases emission caused by natural and anthropogenic factors.