At contrast to Li+ insertion anode materials (insertion sites), the sites for charge storage of a Li metal foil (= plating sites) will NEVER be equivalent. This inevitably leads to inhomogeneous Li deposits ("dendritic" Li, HSAL). HSAL depends on the type of Li, on the electrolyte and on the electrochemical conditions. HSAL will change from cycle to cycle => Dynamic surface, development of overpotentials The key is the control of reactivity of the Li metal electrode vs. the electrolyte → "protected Li", new solid electrolytes, etc. Li metal electrode has to be used in excess: SOC >100%. An (only complementary) contribution to a better performance: =>Directed Li deposition by introducing a favorable surface pattern In summary: Li metal electrode behavior is complex, probably even more complex than the sulfur and oxygen electrode.
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