Optimization of the Tolling Level and Tolling Period for Bottleneck Road

摘要

This paper mainly optimizes the level and period of congestion pricing in single-step-toll method on a bottleneck link. Firstly, Greenshields model is applied to obtain the queue length and the speed of the moving part at a stable state. Then, the bi-level programming model is established, in which the upper level is to minimize the maximal queue length and the minimal speed, and the lower programming is to simulate the travel behaviors using the Greenshields model. The bi-level programming model is solved by an improved genetic algorithm, to obtain optimal pricing level and pricing period. Finally, a simple example is given to illustrate the application of the model and the algorithm.