Climate change and global warming have become a matter of concern due to high emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and other fluorinated gases (F-gases) that account for 74%, 14%, 8%, and 1% of the global greenhouse gas emissions, respectively; 57% of the CO2 emissions being emitted as a result of the use of fossil fuels. Power generation accounts for 23 billion tons of annual CO2 emissions globally. Hence, it is essential to identify and develop new methods for mitigating CO2 emissions. In the United States (US), significant research in this area has led the development and implementation of various CO2 control technologies that reduced the annual greenhouse gas emissions by 3.4% in 2012 when compared with the annual greenhouse gas emissions in 2011. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) proposed a new rule to reduce the CO2 emissions by 30% before 2030 in comparison with 2005.
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