Tar formation during traditional gasification restricted the industrial application of biomass gasification [1,2]. Catalytic gasification (CG) of biomass for H2 production has been investigated to avoid this shortcoming. During the CG, biomass was first converted to tar, which was further decomposed to H2, CO, and low- molecular hydrocarbons. Ni-based catalysts (NBCs) were testified to be active in tar decomposition (TD) [1]. Nevertheless, commercial NBCs are expensive. It is economically infeasible using such high- cost catalysts for biomass gasification. We prepared a cost-effective and active Ni-loaded on Loy Yong lignite char (Ni/LYLC) via ion- exchange and successfully utilized it for TD [2]. Limonite is an attractive alternative as the low price and abundant resource, and the spent limonite waste can be used directly for iron and steelmaking [1].
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