Transient Simulations of Residential Buildings in Interaction with Combined Heat and Power Gas Technology

摘要

Buildings are the largest energy consuming sector in the world, and account for a one third of total final energy consumption in the world [1] and an equally important source of carbon dioxide (CO_2) emissions. To minimize the CO_2 emissions, i.e. more energy-efficient buildings, more intelligent interaction between the building, its equipment technology, energy supply grids and users behaviour is required. These challenges can only be met by increased research, using both experimental and numerical methods. Numerical simulations can provide valuable insights in these matters, as the system "building" can be modelled and the impact of various commercially available appliance technologies on the overall performance of the system can be analysed. In this manner, the effects of technologies such as boilers, heat pumps (HP), combined heat and power systems (CHP) or heat storage and solar collector systems on the building as a whole can be investigated with the Model-ica-based simulation environment Dymola. The aim is to describe and investigate the interaction between domestic houses and conventional gas-fired technologies such as boilers and state of the art of CHP appliances and novel approaches using regenerative energies, e.g. solar power. The validation data for the created and improved models were gained from GWI's test rigs and the GWI test house on the site of the institute. The building is equipped with a monitoring system for all mass and energy flows and temperatures on the inside and outside of the building. In addition, the weather data (wind speed/direction, total radiation intensity, temperature on all sides) are measured at the site and stored digitally. This is especially important for the validation of the model and its calculation of the convection of the building which effects the total energy loss of the system. These extensive datasets made it possible to reach an excellent matching between simulations and real system. The focus was set on the interaction of the different components, technologies, building types, weather effects, load profiles and degrees of utilisation and their effects on the total energy balance. Combining these models enables the user to simulate the transient behaviour of complete residential buildings with the implemented energy systems and furthermore to evaluate even domestic settlements.