Agriculture development is the foundation for propelling rural modernization stably and persistently, which is also an important way to increase peasant income. Because of agricultural resources draining out and ecological environment degenerating, technological progress is the key force to maintain agricultural development, and agricultural R&D investment is the vigorous measure to promote technological progress. By using production function and accounting technological progress in China agriculture, the empirical research has found that effects of agricultural R&D input and of foreign trade on agricultural productivity are strong positive respectively, and effect of acreage under cultivating on productivity is weak negative. The suggestions that makes agricultural productivity progress constantly are increasing agricultural R&D input, trade guiding and market construction.
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