Zoonoses Denouement on Public Health and Economy of India:An Overview

摘要

Zoonotic infections pose a significant public health challenge for low and middle income countries and have traditionally been a neglected area of research.India ranked topped in the list of countries worst affected by zoonotic diseases(those originating from animals).Livestock is an important suh sector of Indian agriculture contrihuting 6.71 billion dollar per annum accounting for 25％ of the output of agricultural sector and about 22.45 million people work in livestock sector.In India livestock are important in supporting livelihood of poor farmers,consumers traders and labourers throughout the country.Close association hetween human population and animals,consumption of unpasteurized milk and dairy and inappropriate carcass disposal are some of the principle factors perpetuating infection in humans.The scope of this paper is restricted to the diseases present in India.The public health importance of these diseases are also emphasized.The clinical aspects,transmission,disease course,diagnosis and control of such diseases are discussed.Cuidelines are presented for the inspection of the animal origin food for human consumption.The presence of Zoonotic diseases can be detected by observation of clinical signs ante mortem & by detection of localized or disseminated lesions in the carcass & viscera post mortem.Abnormal behaviour can indicate Rabies,Listeriosis,Tetanus or FMD.Skin lesions can result from TB,Paratuherculosis,Anthrax.Diarrhoea can suggest Salmonellosis,Colihacillosis etc.Based on epidemiological data of active surveillance programme it is estimated that due to Brucellosis there is loss of US $ 58.5 million per year and FMD causes $ 5 billion revenue loss in India.Therefore,necessary preventive measures are required to control these zoonotic diseases.