Mobility is essential for participating in daily life. For people who are visually impaired besides traditional aids Electronic Mobility Aids (EMA) can enhance their independent mobility. Despite technological advances EMA are only used to a limited extent and are not inherently incorporated in orientation and mobility training programs. This study describes the state of the art in EMA and their reported effects, it investigates the usability of several types of EMA and finally a methodology for assessing the effects of EMA on the level of participation was developed. Methods. The study was executed in three phases. The first phase involved two literature reviews, the second phase consisted of usability testing (n=26), in the third phase the developed measurement method was deployed in a group of persons who are visually impaired (n=53). Results. 146 systems were found and could be categorized in EMA for obstacle detection and for navigation. 13 studies described the effects of 6 EMA. The usability of the tested products underlined the need for individual selection of an EMA. The developed assessment method involved a combination of diaries and GPS data collection. Conclusion. The study underlined the need for personalized provision of EMA and contributed to a protocol for assessment, selection and training to support professionals in counseling persons who are visually impaired.
展开▼
