Reversible Watermarking for Audio Authentication Based on Integer DCT and Expansion Embedding

摘要

Reversible watermarking which can restore the original media after the watermark is extracted, is a potential technique for integrity verification and tamper detecting. In this paper we proposed a reversible fragile watermarking scheme for audio authentication by using Integer Discrete Cosine Transform (intDCT) and expansion embedding. The main contribution consists of: 1) we observe that an audio frame would be distorted after undergoing the intDCT, amplitude expansion (AE) embedding and inverse intDCT operations. The distortion is analyzed in detail and the corresponding solution is proposed for; 2) In the integer DCT domain, two reversible audio watermarking algorithms based on difference expansion (DE) and prediction-error expansion (PE) are designed for the distortion and audio authentication. Experimental results show that the proposed reversible watermarking approaches can be used for integrity verification and tampering location while achieving better fidelity than the AE scheme for the same embedding payload.