The Kingdom of Bahrain - a name that translates as "Two Seas, fresh spring water flowing in the middle of the highly salted sea water" - is actually an archipelago of low-lying islands located in the heart of the Arabian Gulf. Situated along major Arabian and international trade routes between Asia and the West, the Kingdom has, for millennia, served as an important port and center of business. The capital city of Manama is a vibrant cosmopolitan center offering an open economy and an educated workforce enhanced by modern cultural amenities like museums, shopping malls, restaurants and fine hotels. The weather in summer July-September is very hot (Avg 36°C), while winter December-February, cool or mild (10°C - 20°C) with occasional rain (average annual precipitation is 70 mm). Remaining months: March to May and October to November, warm with occasional pleasant breezes (20°C - 30°C). Kingdom of Bahrain is a small country with an area of less than 800 sq.km but very dense population of 1370 head per sq.km In Bahrain, as in many of the Arabian Gulf countries the daily average per capita water consumption doubled in the last twenty-five years to reach 110 imperial gallons. The reason behind increase was the oil boom, which resulted changes in the standard of living. Crowded traditional houses changed to big villas with big gardens, a lot of toilets, cars, servants, and swimming pools. Tourism, industrial activities and roads beautification have also contributed to the consumption increase. The increase in consumption is not representing the actual increase in demand. There is excessive use in all type of water usage. Hence the possibility of water saving is tremendous. The fossil ground water is the only natural water resources in Bahrain which already depleted through over pumping which exceeded twice the save yield. Due to sea water intrusion and increase in ground water salinity the government of Bahrain was forced to go for sea water desalination as an expensive alternative source of water.
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