Bacterial infective arthritis can occur spontaneously, presumably from hematogenous seeding of the joint, or can occur following trauma or surgery. In one retrospective study in 31 dogs, the elbow joint (38% of cases) and stifle joint (44% of cases) were the most commonly affected joints. 17 of 31 cases had undergone previous periarticular or articular surgery, and 14 cases did not have surgery. Of the 14 cases that did not have previous surgery, 13 of 14 had evidence of pre-existing osteoarthritis.Thus, previous surgery or pre-existing osteoarthritis appear to be risk factors for developing bacterial infective arthritis.
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