The paper is devoted to the development and to applications of hybrid models in biology and medicine. In this approach, biological cells are considered as discrete or individual objects, intracellular regulatory networks are described by ordinary differential equations, biochemical species in the extracellular matrix by partial differential equations. Cells interact with each other mechanically and biochemically, they can divide, differentiate or die by apoptosis. Cell fate is determined by intracellular and extracellular regulation. We apply these modelling tools to study biological pattern formation and to investigate various biological processes, such as blood cell production and blood flows.
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