Membrane Operations in Water Treatment and Reuse

摘要

In the last decades membrane operations have gained great success in water treatment and reclamation because their efficiency has been proven from a technical, economical and environmental point of view. Due to their unique advantages like high recovery factor, decreased footprint, low energy requirement and relatively high selectivity, membrane processes are being increasingly used in water treatment and their costs have decreased rapidly.This manuscript gives an overview of the membrane operations used in water treatment, some details regarding their theoretical background and various examples of applications. Then, the advantages in the use of integrated membrane systems and the future development of membrane technology are presented.