Elastic Full-waveform inversion (FWI) of shallow seismic wavefields can recover the S-wave velocity structure within the very shallow subsurface. FWI can even resolve small-scale lateral variations of shear-wave velocity where conventional 1-D dispersion curve inversions fail. The starting models for the FWI should explain the kinematics of the Rayleigh waves a low frequencies below 10 Hz. The starting models can be obtained by the inversion of local dispersion curves or by S-wave travel time tomography. Models of shallow P-wave velocity and density obtained by a multi-parameter FWI are not yet reliable. Future applications should invert also for seismic wave attenuation which is yet used as a passive modelling parameter only.
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