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Synthesis of Time Quasi-Optimal Asymptotically Stable Control Laws

机译:时间准合成准优选渐近稳定的控制法

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The solution of the both synthesis and implementation problems of high-rapid rates control laws is extremely important for the development of automatic control systems of the aircraft. This is due to the high speed of such vehicles. Along with this, it is imperative that control laws provide that system is asymptotically stable, as the basis for the reliability of their controlled motion. Another important objective of the method of synthesis of control laws for aircraft is compulsory compliance with strict limitations on the values of control inputs at the actuation devices. It is equally important that the control laws provides limitations on the state variables of aircraft, such as velocity, acceleration, etc. Pontryagin's maximum principle is aimed at solving such a time-optimal problem with the limited command variable. However, both the mathematical formalism of this principle, and the mathematical formalism of the methods based on this principle don't provide a solution of the class described tasks. The problem is that, despite the fundamental theoretical validity of these methods, they don't provide robustness synthesized control laws. Robustness is understood here as the insensitivity of the properties of the control system to small variations in the properties of the control object. The reasons for this phenomenon are known. They are as follows: the asymptotic properties absent in positional control, maximum speed law is defined only within a given time interval, the stabilizing feedback is absent. As a result the inadequacy of the dynamic properties of a managed object and calculated data can lead to a complete loss of the control system quality. The essence of the proposed approach consists in influencing the change of the derivatives of the state variables, which form a system of phase coordinates. Each derivative of the state variable is formed by a special non-linear law. These laws impose a number of requirements: the derivative of the phase coordinates is limited, its rate of change is close to optimal for the designated limit, the law of its change is asymptotically stable. In other words, the state-space of the control object form specific invariant manifolds. These manifolds are formed by specially synthesized control law so that their properties are determined by the above requirements. Mathematically varieties are generated by nonlinear functions of the right sides of the system of differential equations of state of the control object. Structures and function parameters form the mathematical model of the control law. The resulting control action (signal input) sequentially generates the processes of change of phase coordinates in such a way that directs the state variables of the system on the given invariant manifolds. Formed diversity determine the dynamics of the controlled system. They in aggregate form its attractor, which meets the following properties: near-optimal performance, bounded of phase coordinates and asymptotic movement. The procedure of successive synthesis of invariant manifolds is given can be implemented for objects that have a mathematical model in the form of the Cauchy problem with the so-called “triangular” structure. For such a model is a characteristic that every i-th state variable of the system, which has the order of “n” and “r” of the control inputs, depends only on the state variables with index not greater than i + 1. In this case, any derivative of the state variable may depend on only one control input, and the n-th derivative is necessarily dependent on one of these inputs. This result is very important for the practical problems of management of working bodies of aircraft. For them, the control speed is a critical factor in the quality of flight and stability and robustness is a critical factor in the reliability of automatic control. Application of the proposed method is illustrated by the example of the construction and study of the automatic control system of the de
机译:合成和实施问题的解决方案高速率控制法律对于飞机的自动控制系统的开发非常重要。这是由于这种车辆的高速。除此之外,控制法是否必须提供该系统是渐近稳定的,作为其受控运动的可靠性的基础。用于综合飞机控制法律方法的另一个重要目标是强制遵守对致动装置的控制输入值的严格限制。它同样重要的是,控制法律提供了对飞机的状态变量的限制,例如速度,加速等。Pontryagin的最大原则旨在解决有限命令变量的这种时间最佳问题。然而,这两个原则的数学形式主义以及基于该原则的方法的数学形式主义不提供所描述的任务的解决方案。问题是,尽管这些方法的基本理论有效性,但它们并不提供稳健性的合成控制法。这里理解鲁棒性作为控制系统的性质的小于控制对象的性质的小变化的不敏感性。这种现象的原因是已知的。它们如下:位置控制中缺席的渐近性,最大速度定律仅在给定的时间间隔内定义,稳定反馈不存在。结果,受管对象的动态属性和计算数据的不足可能导致控制系统质量的完全损失。拟议方法的本质在于影响状态变量的衍生物的变化,形成了一系列阶段坐标。状态变量的每个导数由特殊的非线性法律形成。这些法律强加了许多要求:相坐标的衍生物是有限的,其变化率接近最佳的指定限额,其变化的规律是渐近稳定的。换句话说,控制对象的状态空间形成特定的不变歧管。这些歧管由特殊合成的控制定律形成,因此它们的性质由上述要求确定。数学品种由控制对象状态的差分方程的右侧的非线性函数产生。结构和功能参数形成控制法的数学模型。得到的控制动作(信号输入)顺序地以这样的方式顺序地生成相位坐标的变化过程,这使得系统的状态变量引导在给定的不变歧管上。形成的分集决定了受控系统的动态。它们以汇总形成其吸引子,符合以下性质:近乎最佳性能,相坐标的界限和渐近运动。给出了连续合成不变歧管的过程,可以用于具有以Cauchy问题的形式具有所谓的“三角形”结构的数学模型的对象来实现。对于这样的模型是一个特征,其系统的每个第一个状态变量,其具有控制输入的“n”和“r”的顺序仅取决于索引不大于i + 1的状态变量。在这种情况下,状态变量的任何导数可以仅取决于一个控制输入,并且第n个导数必须取决于这些输入之一。这一结果对于飞机工作机构管理的实际问题非常重要。对于他们来说,控制速度是飞行质量的关键因素,稳定性和稳健性是自动控制可靠性的关键因素。所提出的方法的应用是通过德的自动控制系统的构造和研究的示例说明的

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