Variable Rigidity Pile (Pile Partner) Deal with Unconfined Direct and Indirect Footing (Foundation)

摘要

To classify building founation into shallow foundation and deep foundation is not always right, may lead to erroneous judgement or discrimination, and it is difficult to define the pile partner (Variable Rigidity Pile), so the concepts of direct and indirect footing (foundation) are to be presented for the first time, which seems to be more reasonable and scientific, pile partner can be directly foundation, and can also be indirect foundation, mainly distinguish according to the distance or modulus between pile top and pile cap. If the pile top and pile cap keep at a distance, then it is direct foundation (footing); If the pile top connect to pile cap, connection types can be "rigid joint", "hinged joint", or contact with each other, it is indirect foundation (footing).