PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS - A TOOL AND SCIENCE FOR A CHANGING WORLD

摘要

Geographic information systems have been introduced in the 1960s. They were first developed in Canada and since then have spread worldwide. Originally designed for the storage and digital processing of map data they have developed into a powerful tool for the storage and analysis of spatial data appearing in almost all areas of our daily lives, either clearly visible or embedded in various applications. Since the early days of mankind people deal with the processing of spatial data. In this paper we discuss the developments of the early years of GIS, the time of consolidation and operationalization, and the current state of discussion of development and the use of GIS. Finally we look at the GIS development and directions it should go. We will consider aspects of data reliability (uncertainty), component-based systems, integration of different tools and methods, and some recent trends. Finally, we will illustrate a combination of several methods in geo-simulation applied to a problem related to urban spra