Neuroendocrine Tumors

摘要

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors originating in various locations, including the gastrointestinal tract, lung, and pancreas. The disease management poses a substantial challenge because of the heterogeneous clinical presentations and varying degree of aggressiveness. The recent completion of several phase III trials, including those evaluating octreotide, sunitinib, and everolimus, demonstrate that rigorous evaluation of novel agents in this disease is possible and can lead to practice-changing outcomes. Nevertheless, there are many aspects to the treatment of NETs that can be complex. This review will discuss NET therapies and provides an overview of liver-directed and cytotoxic treatment options. We also briefly review recent whole-genome sequencing of pancreatic NETs and small bowel carcinoids. Such discoveries could potentially be used to stratify treatment, and such studies are currently being investigated.