Screening for Colorectal Cancer: Which Tool and How Often?

摘要

In 2008 two U.S. groups updated their guidelines for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, based on a review of the existing evidence. The U.S. Multi-Society Task Force (USMSTF) defines two categories of screening test. In the first category are tests that primarily detect cancers. Tests that are recommended in this category for screening average risk persons (50 years and older, no symptoms, no family history of the disease) are: annual high-sensitivity guaiac fecal occult blood test (gFOBT), annual fecal immunochemical test (FIT), or stool DNA (interval uncertain). In the second category are tests that detect both cancers and adenomas. Recommended tests in this category for screening persons at average risk are: flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) every 5 years, colonoscopy every 10 years, double-contrast barium enema every 5 years, or CT colonography every 5 years.