In this context, the advanced microcirculation research performed together with bioengineers, yielding new research evidence based results, is emphasized. For instance, the result of accumulative oxygen radical species (ROS) may lead to senescence and aging, chronic degenerative vascular diseases beginning with reducing capillary vascularity (CV), insufficient blood perfusion, leading to hypoxic bone marrow, depleting the stem cell mobilization to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs). These MSCs and EPCs are significantly decreased in diabetes mellitus (DM). The process of aging, increased oxidative biomarker, malondialdehyde (MDA), a reduction of nitric oxide (NO) and the invention of noninvasive nitric oxide optical sensor was mentioned. The benefit of tissue engineering and stem cells in enhancing acceleration of wound healing in DM rat model is a good example of regenerative medicine by using basic and clinical approach in biomedical sciences. The understanding of ROS in inducing pathophysiological changes in vascular damage will lead to effective protective mechanisms in promotion of health care and delay the degenerative disease processes.
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