METALLURGICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR PETROLEUM SAMPLING APPLICATIONS

摘要

In 1998, the direct cost of corrosion was 3.1% of GDP or $276 billion, per the NACE corrosion study. In 2013, this cost was 3.1% of the $15.1 trillion U.S. GDP, which in June 2013 was estimated to equal $500.7 billion. In addition, the state-of-the-art technology in alloy manufacturing has progressed such that the min/max elemental ranges are within a few hundredths of a percent of the minimum allowed. The high cost elements are controlled to maximize the mill profits while many times compromising the intent of the alloy selection. The intent of this paper is to utilize basic technical tools for alloy selection and comparison. The goal is to economically mitigate corrosion while maximizing asset integrity.