10 Years Experience with Rolled Lead-Calcium-Silver Anodes

摘要

It has been 10 years since RSR Technologies introduced a new rolled anode for Zinc Electrowinning. The anode contains calcium and significantly less silver than the traditional cast or rolled lead silver anodes. The anodes are rolled to produce uniform dispersion of calcium and silver. These anodes have much higher mechanical properties than lead-silver which makes them more resistant to deformation. The calcium allows the anode to condition in several days. The anodes have been extensively tested in Japan, North America, South America, Europe, and South Africa. Anodes have been service for up to 5 years without significant thinning or corrosion. The anodes remain straight and MnO_2 removal is easier than with cast or rolled lead silver anodes. The anodes yield a 1% improvement in current efficiency when compared to conventional anodes. This paper describes the experiences with rolled lead-calcium-silver anodes, the resistance or inertia to their use, the manufacturing process, and improvements to surface treatment and handling which will enhance the use of the anodes in cellhouse operations. The paper also compares the significant economic benefits in utilizing RSR rolled lead-calcium-silver anodes in today's environment.