In this paper, the using condition of wheels in heavy freight car was introduced, and the problem of which in Da-Qin railway line was indicated. Then, typical wheel failure cases were investigated, and the amelioration of heavy freight car wheels was put forward. On this condition, new material heavy freight car wheels were assessed on actual cars. The assessing results demonstrated that the integrated use of new material wheels behaves more excellent on various performances than that of general wheels.
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