Environmental Clean Technology

摘要

"Green technology" or Clean technology is the application of the environmental sciences to conserve the natural environment and resources, and by curbing the negative impacts of human involvement. Our innovations have helped move the world from the industrial age to the information age. Today, at the beginning of the 21st Century, we must step forward to help solve the climate and energy crises and protect our environment. By using our local ingenuity, entrepreneurship, and creative talent, we can create solutions that change the course of global events. By capitalizing on the innovation in our community, we can create thousands of new jobs, grow city revenues, expand our local economy, and demonstrate how deploying clean and green technology is fiscally responsible. Without Clean Technology innovation, communities will become more polluted, the effects of global warming will increase, and our consumption of fossil fuels will continue our dependency on foreign oil. Thus, we can lead the nation in becoming more energy efficient, producing and using electricity from clean renewable sources, creating green buildings, diverting waste from landfills, creating greener street systems, delivering recycled water, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. When applying sustainable development as a solution for environmental issues, the solutions need to be socially equitable, economically viable, and environmentally sound. Some environmental technologies that retain sustainable development are; recycling, water purification, sewage treatment, remediation, flue gas treatment, solid waste management, renewable energy, and others. Some technologies assist directly with energy conservation, while other technologies are emerging that help the environment by reducing the amount of waste produced by human activities. Membrane technology is the most innovative technology in which the energy savings as well as environmental protection is achieved. The footprints are reduced to a large extent. In purification methods using membranes, the latent heat is conserved and CO{sub}2 emissions are eliminated against applying sterilization by heating or cooling using traditional methods. Thus energy conservation & environmental protection is achieved. Use of biofuels such as biodiesel for transportation produces no net output of carbon in the form of CO{sub}2 and achieves 30-50% greenhouse gas savings. Using the syngas is more efficient than direct combustion of the original biofuel as more of the energy contained in the fuel is extracted. Using waste biomass to produce energy can reduce the use of fossil fuels, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reduce pollution and waste management problems. Some technologies such as anaerobic digestion can be used as a distinct waste management strategy to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfill and generate methane, or biogas. The global reduction of greenhouse gases is dependent on the adoption of energy conservation technologies at industrial level as well as this clean energy generation. That includes using unleaded gasoline, solar energy and alternative fuel vehicles, including plug-in hybrid and hybrid electric vehicles. If landfill gas is not harvested, it escapes into the amosphere, this is not desirable because methane is a greenhouse gas, with more global warming potential than CO{sub}2. So, by harvesting and burning landfill gas, its global warming potential is reduced in addition to providing energy for heat & power. Biologically produced alcohols, most commonly ethanol, and less commonly propanol and butanol, are produced by the action of microorganisms and enzymes through fermentation of sugars or starches, or celulose. Biobutanol is often claimed to provide a direct replacement for gasoline, because it can be used directly in a gasoline engine (in a similar way to biodiesel in diesel engines). Thus, it is the need of hour to promote innovative green and clean technologies for sustainable environment.