1.1. Introduction Humans communicate by combining signals from speech, gesture, facial-expression, and body movements into a single stream (Iverson & Goldin-Meadow, 1998). Yet, comparative studies of primate communication have traditionally focused on single modalities in isolation, resulting in a significant body of work on vocalizations (e.g. Seyfarth et al., 1980; Crockford et al., 2012) gestures (e.g. Tomasello et al., 1985; Hobaiter & Byrne, 2011) and facial signals (King & Shanker, 2003) in isolation. Despite this progress, little is known about how great apes combine different signals into multimodal utterances (Leavens & Hopkins, 2005). Here we present the results of a first study of multimodal signaling in wild great apes, the Sonso chimpanzee community of Budongo, Uganda.
展开▼
