Entanglement and Quantum Gate Operations with Spin-Qubits in Quantum Dots

摘要

Quantum entanglement is one of the most intriguing features of quantummechanics." In the beginning of modern quantum theory, the notion ofentanglement was first noted by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen,5 and bySchrodinger.6 While in those days quantum entanglement and its predictedphysical consequences were (at least partially) considered as an unphysicalproperty of the formalism (a "paradox"), the modern perspective on this issue isvery different. Nowadays quantum entanglement is seen as an experimentallyverified property of nature providing a resource for a vast variety of novelphenomena and concepts such as quantum computation, quantum cryptography, orquantum teleportation.