This review is based on latest application of nanoparticles in hydraulic fracturing,and their feasibilityas compared to other conventional methods.Focusing on technical,economic,mechanisms and directionof future research.Current status and advancement give a promising future application by using uniqueproperties of nanomaterials such as small sizes,stability,magnetic properties and surface area which areyet to be exploited to full potential.Nano materials can be inculcated in drilling in all forms.From acting asadditives in drilling mud there by enhancing density,gel breaking strength,viscosity,acting as a proppant,cross linking agent etc.There are certain problems which are difficult to overcome using macro and micro type additives dueto limitations in physical,chemical and environmental characteristics.Hence,the scientists are looking forsuch smart fluids which can overcome these limitations.Compared to their parent materials,nanoparticlescan be modified physically,chemically,electrically,thermally,thermodynamic properties and interactionpotential of nanomaterial.However more investment,work and pilot projects are required to understandproperties of nanomaterials at reservoir temperature and pressure.Nanomaterials such as aluminium oxide,zinc oxide,copper oxide,silicon dioxide,low cost carbonnanotubes,fly ash nanoparticles in unconventional reservoirs need to be further researched.Moreover,focusshould be put on economic analysis,performance at reservoir conditions,cross linking and agglomerationproperties,wettability alterations,interfacial tensions properties.The enhanced hydrocarbon recovery fromunconventional reservoirs through wettability alterations and interfacial tension decrement by nanomaterialsand combined use of fracturing fluid system comprising of VES,foams,proppants gives a promising futureapplication.
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