The introduction of new architectures in the fixed access network, with deployment of fiber in the loop is required to enable new services offers. Main reasons: Performances: xDSL technology performances decrease with distance and can provide 50+ Mbit/s only within a few hundred meters from the CO. Theoretical limits of the copper loops indicate that it is not possible to achieve the performance goals even taking into account technology evolution. High penetration of xDSL systems from the CO significantly decrease the average performances because of cross-talk interference. Obsolescence: Ageing of the copper network infrastructure would require a significant and progressive increase in the maintenance costs in the coming years.
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