Laboratory and Field Testing of An Electronic Water Purification System Using Activated Carbon Electrodes to Treat Water with High Levels of Total Dissolved Solids

摘要

The design and implementation of water treatment systems in rural or remote locations present a number of challenges, in terms of transport, construction, operation and maintenance. The monetary cost of shipment to these locations is often greater than the comparable cost for transportation of goods to larger commercial centers [Smith, 1996]. Labor costs in these locations are often similarly elevated. Once a water treatment system has been constructed, the challenge of operation and maintenance (O&M) is presented. Skilled operators will either need to be transported to the location or local persons must be properly trained to run the system efficiently; the training and retention of operators for small drinking systems is a problem throughout the United States. [U.S. EPA, 2006] Due to shipping times, it is likely necessary to keep a larger stock of regular wear and replacement parts on hand. For any and all of the reasons listed above, the costs associated with construction and operations are elevated in rural locations. [Louis, 2004]