YIELD PERFORMANCES OF CEREAL VARIETIES IN VARIOUS CROP ROTATIONS UNDER MEDITERRANEAN DRYLAND AREAS

摘要

Because most of the dryland cereal varieties were improved under fallow/cereal rotationsystem, their performances in other cropping systems were questionable and reportedunsatisfactory by some farmers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigatethe performances and adaptation of newly registered varieties in different two courserotations for targeted recommendations. 12 cereal varieties were tried on 9 different23-year-crop rotations plots for three consecutive years, 1999/2000, 2000/2001,2001/2002. The varieties were 4 barley (malting two rowed Aydanhamm, and feedingTarm and six rowed Cetin and Avci), 4 durum wheat (Altm, Ankara, Altmtag, andYilmaz), and 4 bread (Dagdag, Gun, Kirgiz and Mizrak) wheat. The cereal varietieswere rotated with fallow, wheat, winter vetch, winter lentil, sunflower, safflower, lentil,chickpea and barley/vetch mixture. Grain and biomass yields, plant height, harvestindex, kernel per spike, kernel weight and spike number per square meter were traitsdetermined. Biplot analysis showed that responses of cereal varieties varied in dry(2001), wet and cold (2000) and normal (2003) seasons. Overall evaluations of responsesindicated that some varieties adapted more to certain rotations than other varieties suchas Aydanhamm for Safflower/cereal rotation. There was a general tendency that Tarmand Gun varieties performed well in winter cold and dry seasons in all rotations. Dagdagyielded pretty well following winter legumes and winter legume/cereal mixture exceptdry season. Six rowed barleys, Altmtag and Yilmaz, were better in mild winter seasonin all rotations. Traits correlations indicated that spike number per square meter wasalways positively correlated with grain yields for all experimental seasons. While allyield components had positive contribution to the grain yields in wet season, kernelweight and kernel per spike had negative contribution to grain yields in the dry season.General evaluation showed that cereals succeeding chickpea and spring lentil cropswere leading in terms of height, biomass, harvest index and grain yields, except cerealsfollowing fallow which were exceptionally superior in dry season. They also had higherkernel weight in dry and normal seasons.