ESTIMATING THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SLAGS BY EMPIRICAL METHODS

摘要

The heat content of the waste slag from a typical smelting operation makes up from 30 to 80 percent of the out-put energy. It is important, therefore, even with computer modeling of thermochemical process and energy balances that the occasional reality check on the results be performed using short-cut methods. It is even hoped that such empirical modeling will lead to new lines of research and the incorporation of more rigorous procedures into commercial software packages. This paper reviews some methods for estimating the thermodynamic properties of smelting slags, to include: heats of formation; heat capacities (specific heats); heat contents; melting temperatures; heats of fusion. The techniques are illustrated with the analyses of a nickel reverberatory furnace slag from Copper Cliff, an iron-making blast furnace slag, and a "lateritic" slag from a ferronickel operation in Colombia.