Hybrid drive train technology focusing on Kinetic Energy Recovery Systems (KERS) will be introduced for the 2009 Formula 1 (F1) race season, with the clear intent of directing motorsport developments to impact the key issue of fuel efficiency in road cars. The 2009 season specifications define a system that can recover, store and reapply 400 kJ of vehicle kinetic energy per lap at a maximum rate of 60 kW. In order to encourage technical innovation, the system type (electrical, mechanical or hydraulic), its weight and control strategy have been left undefined. Torotrak are participating in the development of a mechanical KERS utilising a full-toroidal traction drive variator connected to a high speed flywheel. Although optimised against F1 competition, the system concept is capable of volume production in mainstream automotive applications. The paper will describe the key elements of the F1 KERS and discuss its extension to volume passenger cars. The influence of energy capacity, limiting power transfer and control strategy upon fuel economy and vehicle performance will be examined using validated modelling techniques.
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