The flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machine and the doubly-salient permanent magnet (DSPM) machine have similar structure with salient rotor and stator poles. The magnets are located on the stator and the concentrated windings are employed in the machines [1]-[4], as shown in Fig. 1, leading to the advantages of high efficiency and easy cooling of magnets etc. However, since the magnets are inset in the stator and the relatively short stack length, the end-effect plays an important role in the decline of the flux density along shaft axis direction from the active-region to end-region, consequently causing the open circuit flux-linkage and back-emf significantly less than the predicted from 2-D finite element analysis (FEA).
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