Presentation Of Water Fraction Metering Outlined In 'Handbook Of Water Fraction Metering' by 'Norwegian Society for Oil and Gas Measurement'

摘要

During the last few years the oil and gas industry have seen an increased need of continuous, real time and precise measurement of water fraction in hydrocarbon liquids. This is due to increased use of water injection in oil reservoirs, the possibilities of reducing separator systems, and thus save both weight and need of space on particularly offshore installations, but most of all, a general wish of to utilize modern technology for having better measurement of both the hydrocarbons and the water in crude oil export and allocation. The 'Norwegian Society for Oil and Gas Measurement' recently published the second revision of 'Handbook of Water Fraction Metering'. The purpose of the handbook is to address solutions for the continuous measurement of water fraction in crude oil export and allocation. The handbook has been developed by a mixture of personnel from the main oil companies operating in the North Sea, independent research organisations, and the vendor industry. The handbook addresses the physical properties of mixtures of oil and water, including topics such as slip, gradients of water content in horizontal pipelines, possibilities of three phase mixtures, and which limitations are involved. Different possibilities for design of both fiscal solutions and allocation solutions are outlined. A recommended performance specification for water fraction meters is outlined, and the requirement for uncertainty evaluation is discussed. Finally different methods of traceable calibration, both from factory and during operation are evaluated. By collecting these topics in a handbook, NFOGM has given the whole oil industry an easy entry to evaluating the possibilities of measuring water fraction in crude oil streams. Hopefully many of these topics will be included in future standards of measurement of oil and gas, for the benefit of all oil trade as well as involved governments.