The disturbed state concept (DSC) provides a unified framework for characterization of the behavior of geologic materials and interfaces/joints. Important factors such as elastic, plastic and creep responses, stress paths, volume change (contraction and dilation), disturbance (softening and damage or stiffening), thermal effects, partial saturation and liquefaction can be included in the DSC. Because of its hierarchical nature, simplified models for specific applications can be derived from the DSC. It has been applied successfully for defining behavior of many geologic materials and interfaces/joints. Procedures for determination of parameters based on laboratory tests have been developed. Various models from the DSC have been validated with respect to laboratory test data, and field or simulated practical problems by using computer (finite element) procedures in which DSC has been implemented. The DSC can provide unified and powerful models for a wide range of engineering materials.
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