Dealing With H2S in Heavy-Oil Thermal Projects

摘要

There is an abundance of natural gas being discovered and produced that is slightly sour.According to a US Department of the Environment(DOE)survey that includes Canada,about 80%of current and new gas has a hydrogen sulphide(H2S)concentration of 1%or less.Of course,this must be treated to remove the H2S to meet sales gas specifications.For small scale(less than 50-100 kg)and large scale(greater than 20 tonne/d)of equivalent sulphur,current technologies appear reasonable.Conversely,for intermediate range (0.1-20 tonne/d)equivalent sulphur,current technology has proven to have high capital and/or operating costs and some processes are difficult to operate.Therefore,there is a need for an intermediate scale(0.1 to 20 tonne/d)process with lower capital and operating cost than those currently available.The applications of such a process range from the removal of H2S from acid gas at low pressure produced from the amine process to high pressure raw sour gas. There are additional challenges from sour gas associated with heavy oil thermal projects in that it is at low pressure and contains substantial C7+.The elemental sulphur produced should be of sales grade quality such that the handling of the product can fit into the existing sulphur infrastructure and sold into existing markets. Otherwise,disposal of the product becomes costly and in some cases becomes another environmental problem.