SUSEE: An Ultra Light Space Nuclear Power System Based on Conventional Water Reactor Technology

摘要

An ultra lightweight space nuclear electric power system is described based on existing Zr/UO2 cermet nuclear fuel and conventional water reactor and standard steam turbine technology. The SUSEE system can be used for both in-space and surface power, for both robotic and manned space missions. Specific mass of the SUSEE power system (reactor, piping, turbo-generator, and radiator for reject heat) is ～3 kg/KW(e) for power levels of 100 KW(e) and above. For power levels up to 1 MW(e), SUSEE reactor diameter is constant at 50 centimeters, as determined by criticality considerations. For higher power outputs, SUSEE reactor volume would increase proportionately. For in-space zero-g operation, SUSEE uses an innovative condensing radiator for the steam turbine exhaust, in which condensation occurs in small channels where surface tension effects dominate over zero g effects. Relatively high condenser pressures (～2 atm) are used to enable efficient heat rejection and low specific radiator area of ～1.5 m 2 /KW(e). Good cycle efficiency of ～24% (thermal to electric) is obtained, even at the relatively high condenser pressure. The SUSEE system can be developed and tested quickly, including the zero g condensing radiators.